Active listening. Attune to tone, body and silences. Paraphrase, use minimal encouragers, resist the urge to fix.
Reflecting feelings. Name the emotion you sense and offer it back, leaving room to be corrected.
Summarizing. One clear sentence that pulls things together, then "Does that sound right?"
Normalizing. "A lot of people feel that way." Never minimizing.
Reframing. A new, more empowering view, built from the client's own words and offered softly.
Open questions and pauses. Don't put the answer in the question. Let silence work.
Presence and repair. Focused attention, open awareness, kind intention. Notice a rupture and name it gently.
Defining goals. In the client's own words, grounded in experience, flexible.